Building blocks
Today, tomorrow and yesterday in Hindi
Hindi treats time as distance from today rather than as a direction. One word covers the day on either side of now, and the verb does the pointing.
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The days around today
आज
aaj
Today
कल
kal
Yesterday, or tomorrow
परसों
parso~
The day before yesterday, or the day after tomorrow
अभी
abhee
Right now
बाद में
baad me~
Later
How the verb decides
कल मिलेंगे
kal milenge
See you tomorrow (future verb)
कल मैं घर पर थी
kal mai~ ghar par thee
Yesterday I was at home (woman speaking, past verb)
कल आ रहे हैं
kal aa rahe hai~
They're coming tomorrow
Nobody ever hears कल and wonders. By the time the sentence ends, the tense has answered it.
Parts of the day
सुबह
subah
Morning (feminine)
दोपहर
dopahar
Afternoon
शाम
shaam
Evening (feminine)
रात
raat
Night (feminine)
To say in the morning, add को: सुबह को, शाम को, रात को. Plain सुबह on its own works too and is what you will hear most.
Longer stretches
हफ़्ता
haftaa
Week (masculine)
महीना
maheenaa
Month (masculine)
साल
saal
Year (masculine)
अगले हफ़्ते
agle hafte
Next week
पिछले हफ़्ते
pichhle hafte
Last week
हफ़्ता becomes हफ़्ते in अगले हफ़्ते. That is the oblique form, which any noun takes when a word like में, को or पर follows, and also in a set time phrase like this one. It is the same reason it is दिन में and not दिन मे.
Useful whole sentences
आज क्या दिन है?
aaj kyaa din hai?
What day is it today?
कितने बजे?
kitne baje?
At what time?
मैं कल फ़ोन करूँगी
mai~ kal fon karoo~gee
I'll call tomorrow (woman speaking)
अभी नहीं
abhee nahee~
Not right now